Fiber Optic Scope Source

Fiber Endoscopes

Can you explain to me about optical fibres, especially in endoscopes and telecommunication?

Please give me all the information you can get!!!
Thanks xxx

In an endoscope there are numerous fibers, each conducting one pixel worth of information, the more fibers, the better the resolution. The fibers are bundled in parallel as to not distort the image. and then are bonded together and it appears as a flexible "hose", thus the image "entering" the hose will exit as the same image.

In telecommunication it is an all together different concept, and much more complex.
it is an evolution of sorts if you don't mind calling it that.

First there were pairs of copper wire, such as telephone lines that would carry the analog signal. Easy to understand and to deal with.
As the density of communications increased, the coaxial cable was used in a scheme that used a carrier frequency and the analog signal was multiplexed , added to the carrier frequency and then decoded at the other end.
since the carrier frequency has a limit ( like radio transmissions, but in the wire) the density is limited to the carrier frequency.
Since light is just another frequency in the electronic spectrum but a vast magnitude larger than coax ever will be able to carry, it is used to transmit the signal, after it has been digitized.
On another note, the time it takes light from earth to the moon is about a second, more or less.
the amount of time it takes light to travel one foot, is a Nano second. If you had "packets" of light traveling in a fiber optic cable, and they were each one foot "long", you could represent 1000 000 000 Ones or zeros per second. But no one says they have to be a foot long! they could be much shorter, such as the light frequency/ wavelength and carry a mind boggling amount of information.

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probing scanning fiber endoscope parameters (with labview)

what is total internal reflection?

and how is it used in...

circle reflectors

periscopes

endoscopes

and optic fibres

thank you so much please help xxx

This occurs when the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle- the critical angle for glass into air is about 42 degrees
Periscopes usually have two right angled prisms in them - the light is reflected off the inner surface -these act like mirrors at 45 degrees
Optical fibres allow light to pass along the glass fibre ( very pure glass) and the light is continually reflected off the inner surfaces as it always greater than the critical angle.
Endoscopes use bundles of optical fibres to transmit images along so that cmaeras can photograph inside the body.